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5 | 5 |
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6 | 6 | This program is operated by HSPICE using [90nm PTM](http://rfic.eecs.berkeley.edu/~niknejad/ee242/pdf/90nm_bulk.pm) technology at 1V power supply. It employs a parallel-prefix circuit, achieving a minimal delay time of 0.1815ns with a power consumption of 0.9593mW. |
7 | 7 |
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8 | | - |
9 | | - |
10 | | - |
11 | | - |
12 | | - |
13 | | - |
| 8 | +**32-bit Parallel-Prefix Adder** |
| 9 | + |
| 10 | +**h0 and 1<sup>st</sup> recurrence stage** |
| 11 | + |
| 12 | +**2<sup>nd</sup>-5<sup>th</sup> recurrence stage** |
| 13 | + |
| 14 | +**Sum Block and 2-to-1 MUX** |
| 15 | + |
| 16 | +**First Prefix-2 for Carry and Transmit(left), 2-to-1 Multiplexer(right)** |
| 17 | + |
| 18 | +**Inverter and XNOR(XOR) Gate** |
| 19 | + |
| 20 | +**NOR(OR) and NAND(AND) Gate** |
| 21 | + |
14 | 22 |
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15 | 23 | I employed the Sparse-2 design to reduce the number of gates in the carry operation (ℎ<sub>i</sub>) for the 2-bit adder. The sum is selected by pseudo-carry-in to the group. I used a five-stage approach to construct the 32-bit adder architecture. Each stage is derived using [Ling’s transformation](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1377160), which utilizes the pseudo-carry signal with factor 𝑡<sub>i</sub> and combines the pseudo-carry (𝐻<sub>i:j</sub>) and transmit (𝑇<sub>i:j</sub>), allowing for parallel prefix computation. |
16 | 24 |
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