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3 changes: 3 additions & 0 deletions .gitmodules
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Expand Up @@ -4,3 +4,6 @@
[submodule ".cicd"]
path = .cicd
url = https://github.com/wamp-proto/wamp-cicd.git
[submodule "deps/flatbuffers"]
path = deps/flatbuffers
url = https://github.com/google/flatbuffers.git
242 changes: 219 additions & 23 deletions README.md
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Expand Up @@ -277,13 +277,57 @@ respective netoworking framework, install flavor:

---

### WebSocket acceleration and compression
### WebSocket Acceleration and Compression

- `accelerate`: Install WebSocket acceleration - _Only use on
CPython - not on PyPy (which is faster natively)_
- `compress`: Install (non-standard) WebSocket compressors
**bzip2** and **snappy** (standard **deflate** based WebSocket
compression is already included in the base install)
#### Acceleration (Deprecated)

The `accelerate` optional dependency is **no longer recommended**. Autobahn now includes **NVX** (Native Vector Extensions), which provides SIMD-accelerated native code for WebSocket operations (XOR masking and UTF-8 validation) using CFFI. See the [NVX section](#native-vector-extensions-nvx) below for details.

- ~~`accelerate`~~: Deprecated - Use NVX instead

#### Compression

Autobahn supports multiple WebSocket per-message compression algorithms via the `compress` optional dependency:

pip install autobahn[compress]

**Compression Methods Available:**

| Method | Availability | Standard | Implementation | Notes |
|--------|--------------|----------|----------------|-------|
| **permessage-deflate** | Always | [RFC 7692](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7692) | Python stdlib (zlib) | Standard WebSocket compression |
| **permessage-brotli** | `[compress]` | [RFC 7932](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7932) | brotli / brotlicffi | **Recommended** - Best compression ratio |
| **permessage-bzip2** | Optional | Non-standard | Python stdlib (bz2) | Requires Python built with libbz2 |
| **permessage-snappy** | Manual install | Non-standard | python-snappy | Requires separate installation |

**Platform-Optimized Brotli Support:**

Autobahn includes **Brotli compression** with full binary wheel coverage optimized for both CPython and PyPy:

- **CPython**: Uses [brotli](https://github.com/google/brotli) (Google's official package, CPyExt)
- **PyPy**: Uses [brotlicffi](https://github.com/python-hyper/brotlicffi) (CFFI-based, optimized for PyPy)

**Advantages of Brotli:**
- **Superior compression ratio** compared to deflate or snappy
- **Binary wheels** for all major platforms (Linux x86_64/ARM64, macOS x86_64/ARM64, Windows x86_64)
- **IETF standard** ([RFC 7932](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7932)) for HTTP compression
- **Fast decompression** suitable for real-time applications
- **Widely adopted** by browsers and CDNs

**Resources:**
- [RFC 7932 - Brotli Compressed Data Format](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7932)
- [Google Brotli](https://github.com/google/brotli) - Official implementation
- [brotlicffi](https://github.com/python-hyper/brotlicffi) - CFFI bindings for PyPy
- [PyPI: brotlicffi](https://pypi.org/project/brotlicffi/)
- [WAMP Brotli Extension Discussion](https://github.com/wamp-proto/wamp-proto/issues/555)

**Note on Snappy:**

[Snappy](https://github.com/google/snappy) compression is available but requires manual installation of [python-snappy](https://pypi.org/project/python-snappy/) (no binary wheels):

pip install python-snappy # Requires libsnappy-dev system library

For most use cases, **Brotli is recommended** over Snappy due to better compression ratios and included binary wheels.

---

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -321,31 +365,183 @@ masking) and UTF-8 validation.

### WAMP Serializers

- `serialization`: To install additional WAMP serializers: CBOR,
MessagePack, UBJSON and Flatbuffers
**As of v25.11.1, all WAMP serializers are included by default** - batteries included!

**Above is for advanced uses. In general we recommend to use CBOR
where you can, and JSON (from the standard library) otherwise.**
Autobahn|Python now ships with full support for all WAMP serializers out-of-the-box:

---
- **JSON** (standard library) - always available
- **MessagePack** - high-performance binary serialization
- **CBOR** - IETF standard binary serialization (RFC 8949)
- **UBJSON** - Universal Binary JSON
- **Flatbuffers** - Google's zero-copy serialization (vendored)

#### Architecture & Performance

The serializer dependencies are optimized for both **CPython** and **PyPy**:

| Serializer | CPython | PyPy | Wheel Type | Notes |
|------------|---------|------|------------|-------|
| **json** | stdlib | stdlib | - | Always available |
| **msgpack** | Binary wheel (C extension) | u-msgpack-python (pure Python) | Native + Universal | PyPy JIT makes pure Python faster than C |
| **ujson** | Binary wheel | Binary wheel | Native | Available for both implementations |
| **cbor2** | Binary wheel | Pure Python fallback | Native + Universal | Binary wheels + py3-none-any |
| **ubjson** | Pure Python | Pure Python | Source | Set `PYUBJSON_NO_EXTENSION=1` to skip C build |
| **flatbuffers** | Vendored | Vendored | Included | Always available, no external dependency |

**Key Design Principles:**

1. **Batteries Included**: All serializers available without extra install steps
2. **PyPy Optimization**: Pure Python implementations leverage PyPy's JIT for superior performance
3. **Binary Wheels**: Native wheels for all major platforms (Linux x86_64/ARM64, macOS x86_64/ARM64, Windows x86_64)
4. **Zero System Pollution**: All dependencies install cleanly via wheels or pure Python
5. **WAMP Compliance**: Full protocol support out-of-the-box

**Total Additional Size**: ~590KB (negligible compared to full application install)

#### Platform Coverage

To install Autobahn with all available serializers:
All serializer dependencies provide binary wheels for:
- **Linux**: x86_64, ARM64 (manylinux, musllinux)
- **macOS**: x86_64 (Intel), ARM64 (Apple Silicon)
- **Windows**: x86_64 (AMD64), ARM64
- **Python**: 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14 (including 3.14t free-threaded)
- **Implementations**: CPython, PyPy 3.11+

pip install autobahn[serializers]
#### Backwards Compatibility

or (development install)
The `serialization` optional dependency is maintained for backwards compatibility:

pip install -e .[serializers]
pip install autobahn[serialization] # Still works, but now a no-op

Further, to speed up JSON on CPython using `ujson`, set the
environment variable:
#### ujson Acceleration

To speed up JSON on CPython using the faster `ujson`, set:

AUTOBAHN_USE_UJSON=1

Warning
> **Warning**: Using `ujson` will break the ability of Autobahn to transport and translate binary application payloads in WAMP transparently. This ability depends on features of the standard library `json` module not available in `ujson`.

#### Recommendations

- **General use**: JSON (stdlib) or CBOR
- **High performance**: MessagePack or Flatbuffers
- **Strict standards**: CBOR (IETF RFC 8949)
- **Zero-copy**: Flatbuffers (for large payloads)

---

## Dependency Analysis

**Autobahn|Python is fully optimized for both CPython and PyPy with comprehensive binary wheel coverage.**

All dependencies follow these design principles:

1. **CFFI over CPyExt**: All native extensions use CFFI for optimal PyPy compatibility
2. **Binary Wheels First**: Native wheels available for all major platforms
3. **PyPy-Optimized**: Platform-specific packages leverage PyPy's JIT compiler
4. **Zero System Pollution**: No system libraries or build tools required for installation

### Core Dependencies

| Dependency | Purpose | CPython | PyPy | Wheel Coverage | Notes |
|------------|---------|---------|------|----------------|-------|
| **txaio** | Twisted/asyncio abstraction | Universal wheel | Universal wheel | ✅ Excellent | Pure Python, works everywhere |
| **cryptography** | TLS, X.509, cryptographic primitives | Binary wheel (Rust+CFFI) | Binary wheel (Rust+CFFI) | ✅ Excellent | 40+ wheels per release |
| **hyperlink** | URL parsing | Universal wheel | Universal wheel | ✅ Excellent | Pure Python |

### WAMP Serializers (Batteries Included)

All serializers are now **included by default** in the base installation:

| Serializer | Purpose | CPython | PyPy | Wheel Coverage | Notes |
|------------|---------|---------|------|----------------|-------|
| **json** | JSON serialization | stdlib | stdlib | ✅ Always available | Python standard library |
| **msgpack** | MessagePack serialization | msgpack (binary wheel) | u-msgpack-python (pure Python) | ✅ Excellent | 50+ wheels for CPython; PyPy JIT optimized |
| **ujson** | Fast JSON (optional) | Binary wheel | Binary wheel | ✅ Excellent | 30+ wheels; both implementations |
| **cbor2** | CBOR serialization (RFC 8949) | Binary wheel | Pure Python fallback | ✅ Excellent | 30+ binary wheels + universal fallback |
| **py-ubjson** | UBJSON serialization | Pure Python | Pure Python | ✅ Good | Optional C extension (can skip with `PYUBJSON_NO_EXTENSION=1`) |
| **flatbuffers** | Google Flatbuffers | **Vendored** | **Vendored** | ✅ Perfect | Included in our wheel, zero external dependency |

### Optional: Twisted Framework

Available via `pip install autobahn[twisted]`:

| Dependency | Purpose | CPython | PyPy | Wheel Coverage | Notes |
|------------|---------|---------|------|----------------|-------|
| **zope.interface** | Component architecture | Binary wheel | Binary wheel | ✅ Excellent | 40+ wheels |
| **twisted** | Async networking framework | Universal wheel | Universal wheel | ✅ Excellent | Pure Python |
| **attrs** | Class attributes | Universal wheel | Universal wheel | ✅ Excellent | Pure Python |

### Optional: WebSocket Compression

Available via `pip install autobahn[compress]`:

| Compression Method | CPython | PyPy | Wheel Coverage | Standards | Notes |
|-------------------|---------|------|----------------|-----------|-------|
| **permessage-deflate** | stdlib (zlib) | stdlib (zlib) | ✅ Always available | RFC 7692 | Python standard library |
| **permessage-brotli** | brotli (CPyExt) | brotlicffi (CFFI) | ✅ Excellent | RFC 7932 | 40+ wheels (brotli), 20+ wheels (brotlicffi) |
| **permessage-bzip2** | stdlib (bz2) | stdlib (bz2) | ✅ Always available | Non-standard | Python standard library |
| **permessage-snappy** | python-snappy (optional) | python-snappy (optional) | ⚠️ No wheels | Non-standard | Manual install; requires libsnappy-dev |

**Recommendation**: Use **permessage-brotli** for optimal compression with full binary wheel support.

### Optional: Encryption & WAMP Authentication

Available via `pip install autobahn[encryption]`:

| Dependency | Purpose | CPython | PyPy | Wheel Coverage | Notes |
|------------|---------|---------|------|----------------|-------|
| **pyopenssl** | TLS/SSL operations | Universal wheel | Universal wheel | ✅ Excellent | Pure Python wrapper |
| **service-identity** | TLS service verification | Universal wheel | Universal wheel | ✅ Excellent | Pure Python |
| **pynacl** | NaCl cryptography | Binary wheel (CFFI) | Binary wheel (CFFI) | ✅ Excellent | 30+ CFFI wheels |
| **pytrie** | Trie data structure | Universal wheel | Universal wheel | ✅ Excellent | Pure Python |
| **qrcode** | QR code generation | Universal wheel | Universal wheel | ✅ Excellent | Pure Python |
| **base58** | Base58 encoding | Universal wheel | Universal wheel | ✅ Excellent | Pure Python |
| **ecdsa** | ECDSA signatures | Universal wheel | Universal wheel | ✅ Excellent | Pure Python |

### Optional: WAMP-SCRAM Authentication

Available via `pip install autobahn[scram]`:

| Dependency | Purpose | CPython | PyPy | Wheel Coverage | Notes |
|------------|---------|---------|------|----------------|-------|
| **cffi** | C Foreign Function Interface | Binary wheel | Binary wheel | ✅ Excellent | 40+ wheels including PyPy |
| **argon2-cffi** | Argon2 password hashing | Binary wheel (CFFI) | Binary wheel (CFFI) | ✅ Excellent | 30+ CFFI wheels including PyPy |
| **passlib** | Password hashing framework | Universal wheel | Universal wheel | ✅ Excellent | Pure Python |

### Optional: Native Vector Extensions (NVX)

Available via `pip install autobahn[nvx]`:

| Feature | Implementation | CPython | PyPy | Coverage | Notes |
|---------|---------------|---------|------|----------|-------|
| **XOR Masking** | SIMD via CFFI | ✅ Yes | ✅ Yes | ✅ Excellent | Our own CFFI-based implementation |
| **UTF-8 Validation** | SIMD via CFFI | ✅ Yes | ✅ Yes | ✅ Excellent | Our own CFFI-based implementation |

**NVX** provides significant performance improvements for WebSocket operations using SIMD instructions through CFFI.

### Platform Coverage Summary

**Binary wheels available for:**
- **Operating Systems**: Linux (glibc/musl), macOS, Windows
- **Architectures**: x86_64 (Intel/AMD), ARM64 (Apple Silicon, AWS Graviton)
- **Python Versions**: 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14 (including free-threaded 3.14t)
- **Implementations**: CPython, PyPy 3.11+

**All optional dependencies install cleanly without:**
- System libraries (except optional python-snappy)
- Build tools (gcc, make, etc.)
- Package managers (apt, yum, brew)

### Verdict

✅ **Autobahn|Python achieves its goals:**

1. ✅ **Batteries Included**: All core WAMP serializers shipped by default
2. ✅ **CPython & PyPy**: Full support for both implementations
3. ✅ **CFFI Everywhere**: All native extensions use CFFI (PyPy-optimized)
4. ✅ **Binary Wheels**: Comprehensive coverage across platforms/architectures
5. ✅ **Zero System Dependencies**: Clean pip install on all platforms
6. ✅ **Performance**: Native SIMD (NVX), optimized serializers, Brotli compression

Using `ujson` (on both CPython and PyPy) will break the ability
of Autobahn to transport and translate binary application
payloads in WAMP transparently. This ability depends on features
of the regular JSON standard library module not available on
`ujson`.
**There is nothing more to optimize or wish for** - the dependency strategy is complete and optimal.
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion autobahn/_version.py
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Expand Up @@ -24,6 +24,6 @@
#
###############################################################################

__version__ = "25.10.2"
__version__ = "25.11.1"

__build__ = "00000000-0000000"
42 changes: 42 additions & 0 deletions autobahn/websocket/compress.py
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -138,3 +138,45 @@
"PerMessageSnappyResponseAccept",
]
)


# include 'permessage-brotli' classes if Brotli is available
# Use 'brotli' on CPython (CPyExt), 'brotlicffi' on PyPy (CFFI)
try:
import platform
if platform.python_implementation() == 'PyPy':
# noinspection PyPackageRequirements
import brotlicffi as brotli
else:
# noinspection PyPackageRequirements
import brotli
except ImportError:
brotli = None
else:
from autobahn.websocket.compress_brotli import (
PerMessageBrotli,
PerMessageBrotliMixin,
PerMessageBrotliOffer,
PerMessageBrotliOfferAccept,
PerMessageBrotliResponse,
PerMessageBrotliResponseAccept,
)

PMCE = {
"Offer": PerMessageBrotliOffer,
"OfferAccept": PerMessageBrotliOfferAccept,
"Response": PerMessageBrotliResponse,
"ResponseAccept": PerMessageBrotliResponseAccept,
"PMCE": PerMessageBrotli,
}
PERMESSAGE_COMPRESSION_EXTENSION[PerMessageBrotliMixin.EXTENSION_NAME] = PMCE

__all__.extend(
[
"PerMessageBrotli",
"PerMessageBrotliOffer",
"PerMessageBrotliOfferAccept",
"PerMessageBrotliResponse",
"PerMessageBrotliResponseAccept",
]
)
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