Add logger functionality to `opentelemetry.client`

[shonfeder]

We have introduced the opentelemetry.client library in #92 to collect the common logic that can be shared between different clients.

In #92 (comment), @c-cube suggested that we should consider adding a logging systems there. IIUC, this would a logger that could optionally be directed to logs, but can also report independently, because

if logs is redirected to otel it can't be used to debug otel

[ajbt200128]

@shonfeder I actually have this in semgrep, been meaning to upstream this, let me do that

[ajbt200128]

ahh maybe I misread this issue. But maybe this is still helpful: #101 here's an integration for OTel with the Logs library.