diff --git a/src/msgspec/_core.c b/src/msgspec/_core.c
index 6b6ad1c4..51c9b88a 100644
--- a/src/msgspec/_core.c
+++ b/src/msgspec/_core.c
@@ -4948,7 +4948,7 @@ typenode_collect_type(TypeNodeCollectState *state, PyObject *obj) {
     ) {
         out = typenode_collect_struct(state, t);
     }
-    else if (Py_TYPE(t) == state->mod->EnumMetaType) {
+    else if (PyType_IsSubtype(Py_TYPE(t), state->mod->EnumMetaType)) {
         out = typenode_collect_enum(state, t);
     }
     else if (origin == (PyObject*)(&PyDict_Type)) {
@@ -13310,7 +13310,7 @@ mpack_encode_uncommon(EncoderState *self, PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *obj)
     else if (type == &Raw_Type) {
         return mpack_encode_raw(self, obj);
     }
-    else if (Py_TYPE(type) == self->mod->EnumMetaType) {
+    else if (PyType_IsSubtype(Py_TYPE(type), self->mod->EnumMetaType)) {
         return mpack_encode_enum(self, obj);
     }
     else if (type == (PyTypeObject *)(self->mod->DecimalType)) {
@@ -13987,7 +13987,7 @@ json_encode_dict_key_noinline(EncoderState *self, PyObject *obj) {
     else if (type == &PyFloat_Type) {
         return json_encode_float_as_str(self, obj);
     }
-    else if (Py_TYPE(type) == self->mod->EnumMetaType) {
+    else if (PyType_IsSubtype(Py_TYPE(type), self->mod->EnumMetaType)) {
         return json_encode_enum(self, obj, true);
     }
     else if (type == PyDateTimeAPI->DateTimeType) {
@@ -14414,7 +14414,7 @@ json_encode_uncommon(EncoderState *self, PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *obj) {
     else if (type == &Raw_Type) {
         return json_encode_raw(self, obj);
     }
-    else if (Py_TYPE(type) == self->mod->EnumMetaType) {
+    else if (PyType_IsSubtype(Py_TYPE(type), self->mod->EnumMetaType)) {
         return json_encode_enum(self, obj, false);
     }
     else if (PyType_IsSubtype(type, (PyTypeObject *)(self->mod->UUIDType))) {
@@ -20119,7 +20119,7 @@ to_builtins(ToBuiltinsState *self, PyObject *obj, bool is_key) {
     else if (PyType_IsSubtype(Py_TYPE(type), &StructMetaType)) {
         return to_builtins_struct(self, obj, is_key);
     }
-    else if (Py_TYPE(type) == self->mod->EnumMetaType) {
+    else if (PyType_IsSubtype(Py_TYPE(type), self->mod->EnumMetaType)) {
         return to_builtins_enum(self, obj);
     }
     else if (is_key & PyUnicode_Check(obj)) {
@@ -21888,7 +21888,7 @@ convert(
     else if (pytype == (PyTypeObject *)self->mod->DecimalType) {
         return convert_decimal(self, obj, type, path);
     }
-    else if (Py_TYPE(pytype) == self->mod->EnumMetaType) {
+    else if (PyType_IsSubtype(Py_TYPE(pytype), self->mod->EnumMetaType)) {
         return convert_enum(self, obj, type, path);
     }
     else if (pytype == &Ext_Type) {
diff --git a/tests/test_common.py b/tests/test_common.py
index a1bc5093..2b9f5a5f 100644
--- a/tests/test_common.py
+++ b/tests/test_common.py
@@ -647,6 +647,20 @@ class Test(base_cls):
 
         assert proto.encode(Test.A) == proto.encode("apple")
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "base_metacls", [enum.EnumMeta] + ([enum.EnumType] if PY311 else [])
+    )
+    def test_enum_with_custom_enum_metaclass(self, proto, base_metacls):
+        class ChoicesMeta(base_metacls):
+            """My custom enum metaclass"""
+
+        class Test(enum.Enum, metaclass=ChoicesMeta):
+            A = "apple"
+            B = "banana"
+
+        assert proto.encode(Test.A) == proto.encode("apple")
+        assert proto.decode(proto.encode("apple"), type=Test) is Test.A
+
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("base_cls", [StrEnum, enum.Enum])
     def test_decode(self, proto, base_cls):
         class Test(base_cls):
diff --git a/tests/test_convert.py b/tests/test_convert.py
index afb668ee..ad1fe30e 100644
--- a/tests/test_convert.py
+++ b/tests/test_convert.py
@@ -879,6 +879,25 @@ def _missing_(cls, val):
         with pytest.raises(ValidationError, match="Invalid enum value 6"):
             msgspec.convert(6, Ex)
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "base_metacls", [enum.EnumMeta] + ([enum.EnumType] if PY311 else [])
+    )
+    def test_enum_with_custom_metaclass(self, base_metacls):
+        class ChoicesMeta(base_metacls):
+            """My custom enum metaclass"""
+
+        class Test(enum.Enum, metaclass=ChoicesMeta):
+            A = "apple"
+            B = "banana"
+
+        assert convert(Test.A, Test) is Test.A
+        assert convert("apple", Test) is Test.A
+        assert convert("banana", Test) is Test.B
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError, match="Invalid enum value 'ceeee'"):
+            convert("ceeee", Test)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError, match="Expected `str`, got `int`"):
+            convert(1, Test)
+
 
 class TestLiteral:
     def test_str_literal(self):