feat!: removes 3.9 support and upgrades type hints to 3.10+ style (#95)

Remove support for Python 3.9 and transition type hints to the 3.10+ syntax across the codebase. This enhances type checking and maintains compatibility with newer Python versions.

Author: cofin

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v3
 
       - name: Set up Python
-        run: uv python install 3.9
+        run: uv python install 3.10
 
       - name: Create virtual environment
         run: uv sync --all-extras --dev
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v3
 
       - name: Set up Python
-        run: uv python install 3.9
+        run: uv python install 3.10
 
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: uv sync --all-extras --dev
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v3
 
       - name: Set up Python
-        run: uv python install 3.9
+        run: uv python install 3.10
 
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: uv sync --all-extras --dev
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v3
 
       - name: Set up Python
-        run: uv python install 3.9
+        run: uv python install 3.10
 
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: uv sync --all-extras --dev
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: true
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
+        python-version: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
     timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
       - name: Check out repository

.github/workflows/publish.yml

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
+        python-version: [  "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
     steps:
       - name: Check out repository
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ jobs:
           MYPYC_MULTI_FILE: "1"
 
           # Configure cibuildwheel
-          CIBW_BUILD: "cp${{ matrix.python-version == '3.9' && '39' || matrix.python-version == '3.10' && '310' || matrix.python-version == '3.11' && '311' || matrix.python-version == '3.12' && '312' || matrix.python-version == '3.13' && '313' }}-*"
+          CIBW_BUILD: "cp${{  matrix.python-version == '3.10' && '310' || matrix.python-version == '3.11' && '311' || matrix.python-version == '3.12' && '312' || matrix.python-version == '3.13' && '313' }}-*"
           CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY: 1
 
           # Platform configuration - comprehensive coverage with QEMU emulation

.github/workflows/test-build.yml

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: ${{ github.event.inputs.test_matrix == 'full' && fromJSON('["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]') || fromJSON('["3.12"]') }}
+        python-version: ${{ github.event.inputs.test_matrix == 'full' && fromJSON('["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]') || fromJSON('["3.12"]') }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out repository
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ jobs:
           MYPYC_MULTI_FILE: "1"
 
           # Configure cibuildwheel
-          CIBW_BUILD: "cp${{ matrix.python-version == '3.9' && '39' || matrix.python-version == '3.10' && '310' || matrix.python-version == '3.11' && '311' || matrix.python-version == '3.12' && '312' || matrix.python-version == '3.13' && '313' }}-*"
+          CIBW_BUILD: "cp${{ matrix.python-version == '3.10' && '310' || matrix.python-version == '3.11' && '311' || matrix.python-version == '3.12' && '312' || matrix.python-version == '3.13' && '313' }}-*"
           CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY: 1
 
           # Platform configuration - conditional ARM64 support with QEMU

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,18 +1,12 @@
 [project]
 authors = [{ name = "Cody Fincher", email = "cody@litestar.dev" }]
-dependencies = [
-  "typing-extensions",
-  "eval_type_backport; python_version < \"3.10\"",
-  "sqlglot>=19.9.0",
-  "mypy-extensions",
-  "rich-click",
-]
+dependencies = ["typing-extensions", "sqlglot>=19.9.0", "mypy-extensions", "rich-click"]
 description = "SQL Experiments in Python"
 license = "MIT"
 maintainers = [{ name = "Litestar Developers", email = "hello@litestar.dev" }]
 name = "sqlspec"
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.9, <4.0"
+requires-python = ">=3.10, <4.0"
 version = "0.26.0"
 
 [project.urls]
@@ -68,8 +62,7 @@ dev = [
 doc = [
   "auto-pytabs[sphinx]>=0.5.0",
   "shibuya",
-  "sphinx>=7.0.0; python_version <= \"3.9\"",
-  "sphinx>=8.0.0; python_version >= \"3.10\"",
+  "sphinx",
   "sphinx-autobuild>=2021.3.14",
   "sphinx-copybutton>=0.5.2",
   "sphinx-click>=6.0.0",
@@ -91,7 +84,7 @@ extras = [
   "adbc_driver_postgresql",
   "adbc_driver_flightsql",
   "adbc_driver_bigquery",
-  "dishka ; python_version >= \"3.10\"",
+  "dishka",
 ]
 lint = [
   "mypy>=1.13.0",
@@ -309,7 +302,7 @@ testpaths = ["tests"]
 [tool.mypy]
 exclude = ["tmp/", ".tmp/", ".bugs/"]
 packages = ["sqlspec", "tests"]
-python_version = "3.9"
+python_version = "3.10"
 
 disallow_any_generics = false
 disallow_untyped_decorators = true
@@ -366,7 +359,7 @@ module = "tests.*"
 disableBytesTypePromotions = true
 exclude = ["**/node_modules", "**/__pycache__", ".venv", "tools", "docs", "tmp", ".tmp", ".bugs"]
 include = ["sqlspec", "tests"]
-pythonVersion = "3.9"
+pythonVersion = "3.10"
 reportMissingTypeStubs = false
 reportPrivateImportUsage = true
 reportPrivateUsage = true
@@ -384,7 +377,7 @@ strict-imports = false
 exclude = [".venv", "node_modules", "tmp", ".tmp", ".bugs"]
 line-length = 120
 src = ["sqlspec", "tests", "docs/examples", "tools"]
-target-version = "py39"
+target-version = "py310"
 
 [tool.ruff.format]
 docstring-code-format = true

sqlspec/_serialization.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 import enum
 import json
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from typing import Any, Final, Literal, Optional, Protocol, Union, overload
+from typing import Any, Final, Literal, Protocol, overload
 
 from sqlspec.typing import MSGSPEC_INSTALLED, ORJSON_INSTALLED, PYDANTIC_INSTALLED, BaseModel
 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class JSONSerializer(Protocol):
     Users can implement this protocol to create custom serializers.
     """
 
-    def encode(self, data: Any, *, as_bytes: bool = False) -> Union[str, bytes]:
+    def encode(self, data: Any, *, as_bytes: bool = False) -> str | bytes:
         """Encode data to JSON.
 
         Args:
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def encode(self, data: Any, *, as_bytes: bool = False) -> Union[str, bytes]:
         """
         ...
 
-    def decode(self, data: Union[str, bytes], *, decode_bytes: bool = True) -> Any:
+    def decode(self, data: str | bytes, *, decode_bytes: bool = True) -> Any:
         """Decode from JSON.
 
         Args:
@@ -74,12 +74,12 @@ class BaseJSONSerializer(ABC):
     __slots__ = ()
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def encode(self, data: Any, *, as_bytes: bool = False) -> Union[str, bytes]:
+    def encode(self, data: Any, *, as_bytes: bool = False) -> str | bytes:
         """Encode data to JSON."""
         ...
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def decode(self, data: Union[str, bytes], *, decode_bytes: bool = True) -> Any:
+    def decode(self, data: str | bytes, *, decode_bytes: bool = True) -> Any:
         """Decode from JSON."""
         ...
 
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ def __init__(self) -> None:
         self._encoder: Final[Encoder] = Encoder(enc_hook=_type_to_string)
         self._decoder: Final[Decoder] = Decoder()
 
-    def encode(self, data: Any, *, as_bytes: bool = False) -> Union[str, bytes]:
+    def encode(self, data: Any, *, as_bytes: bool = False) -> str | bytes:
         """Encode data using msgspec."""
         try:
             if as_bytes:
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ def encode(self, data: Any, *, as_bytes: bool = False) -> Union[str, bytes]:
                 return OrjsonSerializer().encode(data, as_bytes=as_bytes)
             return StandardLibSerializer().encode(data, as_bytes=as_bytes)
 
-    def decode(self, data: Union[str, bytes], *, decode_bytes: bool = True) -> Any:
+    def decode(self, data: str | bytes, *, decode_bytes: bool = True) -> Any:
         """Decode data using msgspec."""
         if isinstance(data, bytes):
             if decode_bytes:
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class OrjsonSerializer(BaseJSONSerializer):
 
     __slots__ = ()
 
-    def encode(self, data: Any, *, as_bytes: bool = False) -> Union[str, bytes]:
+    def encode(self, data: Any, *, as_bytes: bool = False) -> str | bytes:
         """Encode data using orjson."""
         from orjson import (
             OPT_NAIVE_UTC,  # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownVariableType]
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ def encode(self, data: Any, *, as_bytes: bool = False) -> Union[str, bytes]:
         )
         return result if as_bytes else result.decode("utf-8")
 
-    def decode(self, data: Union[str, bytes], *, decode_bytes: bool = True) -> Any:
+    def decode(self, data: str | bytes, *, decode_bytes: bool = True) -> Any:
         """Decode data using orjson."""
         from orjson import loads as _orjson_loads  # pyright: ignore[reportMissingImports]
 
@@ -162,12 +162,12 @@ class StandardLibSerializer(BaseJSONSerializer):
 
     __slots__ = ()
 
-    def encode(self, data: Any, *, as_bytes: bool = False) -> Union[str, bytes]:
+    def encode(self, data: Any, *, as_bytes: bool = False) -> str | bytes:
         """Encode data using standard library json."""
         json_str = json.dumps(data, default=_type_to_string)
         return json_str.encode("utf-8") if as_bytes else json_str
 
-    def decode(self, data: Union[str, bytes], *, decode_bytes: bool = True) -> Any:
+    def decode(self, data: str | bytes, *, decode_bytes: bool = True) -> Any:
         """Decode data using standard library json."""
         if isinstance(data, bytes):
             if decode_bytes:
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ def decode(self, data: Union[str, bytes], *, decode_bytes: bool = True) -> Any:
         return json.loads(data)
 
 
-_default_serializer: Optional[JSONSerializer] = None
+_default_serializer: JSONSerializer | None = None
 
 
 def get_default_serializer() -> JSONSerializer:
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ def encode_json(data: Any, *, as_bytes: Literal[False] = ...) -> str: ...  # pra
 def encode_json(data: Any, *, as_bytes: Literal[True]) -> bytes: ...  # pragma: no cover
 
 
-def encode_json(data: Any, *, as_bytes: bool = False) -> Union[str, bytes]:
+def encode_json(data: Any, *, as_bytes: bool = False) -> str | bytes:
     """Encode to JSON, optionally returning bytes for optimal performance.
 
     Args:
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ def encode_json(data: Any, *, as_bytes: bool = False) -> Union[str, bytes]:
     return get_default_serializer().encode(data, as_bytes=as_bytes)
 
 
-def decode_json(data: Union[str, bytes], *, decode_bytes: bool = True) -> Any:
+def decode_json(data: str | bytes, *, decode_bytes: bool = True) -> Any:
     """Decode from JSON string or bytes efficiently.
 
     Args: