diff --git a/oauthex/oauth2_test.go b/oauthex/oauth2_test.go
index e4c71cbe..08d2d314 100644
--- a/oauthex/oauth2_test.go
+++ b/oauthex/oauth2_test.go
@@ -212,14 +212,15 @@ func TestGetProtectedResourceMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 		server := httptest.NewTLSServer(h)
 		h.installHandlers(server.URL)
 		client := server.Client()
-		res, err := client.Get(server.URL + "/resource")
+		serverURL := server.URL + "/resource"
+		res, err := client.Get(serverURL)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 		if res.StatusCode != http.StatusUnauthorized {
 			t.Fatal("want unauth")
 		}
-		prm, err := GetProtectedResourceMetadataFromHeader(ctx, res.Header, client)
+		prm, err := GetProtectedResourceMetadataFromHeader(ctx, serverURL, res.Header, client)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -240,11 +241,53 @@ func TestGetProtectedResourceMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatal("nil prm")
 		}
 	})
+	// Test that metadata URL and resource identifier are properly distinguished (issue #560).
+	t.Run("FromHeaderValidatesAgainstServerURL", func(t *testing.T) {
+		h := &fakeResourceHandler{serveWWWAuthenticate: true}
+		server := httptest.NewTLSServer(h)
+		h.installHandlers(server.URL)
+		client := server.Client()
+		serverURL := server.URL + "/resource"
+		res, err := client.Get(serverURL)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		// This should succeed because we validate against serverURL, not metadataURL
+		prm, err := GetProtectedResourceMetadataFromHeader(ctx, serverURL, res.Header, client)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected validation to succeed, got error: %v", err)
+		}
+		if prm == nil {
+			t.Fatal("Expected non-nil prm")
+		}
+		if prm.Resource != serverURL {
+			t.Errorf("Expected resource %q, got %q", serverURL, prm.Resource)
+		}
+	})
+	t.Run("FromHeaderRejectsImpersonation", func(t *testing.T) {
+		h := &fakeResourceHandler{serveWWWAuthenticate: true, resourceOverride: "https://attacker.com/evil"}
+		server := httptest.NewTLSServer(h)
+		h.installHandlers(server.URL)
+		client := server.Client()
+		serverURL := server.URL + "/resource"
+		res, err := client.Get(serverURL)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		prm, err := GetProtectedResourceMetadataFromHeader(ctx, serverURL, res.Header, client)
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("Expected validation error for mismatched resource, got nil")
+		}
+		if prm != nil {
+			t.Fatal("Expected nil prm on validation failure")
+		}
+	})
 }
 
 type fakeResourceHandler struct {
 	http.ServeMux
 	serveWWWAuthenticate bool
+	resourceOverride     string // If set, use this instead of correct resource (for testing validation)
 }
 
 func (h *fakeResourceHandler) installHandlers(serverURL string) {
@@ -258,11 +301,16 @@ func (h *fakeResourceHandler) installHandlers(serverURL string) {
 	}))
 	h.Handle("GET "+path, http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-		// If there is a WWW-Authenticate header, the resource field is the value of that header.
-		// If not, it's the server URL without the "/.well-known/..." part.
+		// Per RFC 9728 section 3.3, the resource field should contain the actual resource identifier,
+		// which is the URL the client uses to access the resource (serverURL + "/resource" for WWW-Authenticate case).
+		// For the FromID test case, it's just the serverURL.
 		resource := serverURL
 		if h.serveWWWAuthenticate {
-			resource = url
+			resource = serverURL + "/resource"
+		}
+		// Allow testing with custom resource values (e.g., impersonation attacks).
+		if h.resourceOverride != "" {
+			resource = h.resourceOverride
 		}
 		prm := &ProtectedResourceMetadata{Resource: resource}
 		if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(prm); err != nil {
diff --git a/oauthex/resource_meta.go b/oauthex/resource_meta.go
index e584b068..bb61f797 100644
--- a/oauthex/resource_meta.go
+++ b/oauthex/resource_meta.go
@@ -53,10 +53,11 @@ func GetProtectedResourceMetadataFromID(ctx context.Context, resourceID string,
 // GetProtectedResourceMetadataFromHeader retrieves protected resource metadata
 // using information in the given header, using the given client (or the default
 // client if nil).
-// It issues a GET request to a URL discovered by parsing the WWW-Authenticate headers in the given request,
-// It then validates the resource field of the resulting metadata against the given URL.
-// If there is no URL in the request, it returns nil, nil.
-func GetProtectedResourceMetadataFromHeader(ctx context.Context, header http.Header, c *http.Client) (_ *ProtectedResourceMetadata, err error) {
+// It issues a GET request to a URL discovered by parsing the WWW-Authenticate headers in the given request.
+// Per RFC 9728 section 3.3, it validates that the resource field of the resulting metadata
+// matches the serverURL (the URL that the client used to make the original request to the resource server).
+// If there is no metadata URL in the header, it returns nil, nil.
+func GetProtectedResourceMetadataFromHeader(ctx context.Context, serverURL string, header http.Header, c *http.Client) (_ *ProtectedResourceMetadata, err error) {
 	defer util.Wrapf(&err, "GetProtectedResourceMetadataFromHeader")
 	headers := header[http.CanonicalHeaderKey("WWW-Authenticate")]
 	if len(headers) == 0 {
@@ -66,11 +67,11 @@ func GetProtectedResourceMetadataFromHeader(ctx context.Context, header http.Hea
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	url := ResourceMetadataURL(cs)
-	if url == "" {
+	metadataURL := ResourceMetadataURL(cs)
+	if metadataURL == "" {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
-	return getPRM(ctx, url, c, url)
+	return getPRM(ctx, metadataURL, c, serverURL)
 }
 
 // getPRM makes a GET request to the given URL, and validates the response.
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ func getPRM(ctx context.Context, purl string, c *http.Client, wantResource strin
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	// Validate the Resource field to thwart impersonation attacks (section 3.3).
+	// Validate the Resource field (see RFC 9728, section 3.3).
 	if prm.Resource != wantResource {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("got metadata resource %q, want %q", prm.Resource, wantResource)
 	}