In addition to https://github.com/mozilla/authenticator-rs/pull/218, a software-only test could be executed against an USB/IP based FIDO authenticator - Nitrokey 3: - https://github.com/Nitrokey/nitrokey-3-firmware/tree/main/runners/usbip - https://github.com/trussed-dev/pc-usbip-runner Example of use in a test suite: - https://github.com/Nitrokey/nitrokey-3-tests/blob/main/utils/device.py#L108-L120