chore: update PostgreSQL version references to 17 across configs, Dockerfiles, and scripts

- Changed major_version from 15 to 17 in multiple config files for various environments
- Updated Dockerfile to use postgres:17 and related build scripts for new image
- Modified Atlas setup to rely on custom postgres:17-pgmq image
- Adjusted database type definitions for compatibility with PostgreSQL 17
- Updated compose files to reference the new PostgreSQL 17 image
- Added note in documentation about PostgreSQL 17 support and migration guidance

Author: jumski

.changeset/upgrade-postgres-seventeen-supabase.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+'@pgflow/core': minor
+'@pgflow/client': minor
+'@pgflow/edge-worker': minor
+'@pgflow/website': minor
+---
+
+Upgrade PostgreSQL 17 and Supabase CLI 2.54.11. Removes strict version pins for Docker images and PGMQ extension to use latest compatible versions.