Investigate why the standard deviation of pauli_string_measurement_results is high

[NoureldinYosri]

The property mitigated_stddev of PauliStringMeasurementResult seems higher than it should #7571 (comment). The purpose of this issue is to invisitigate whether this is logical or if there is something missing or wrong.

[pavoljuhas]

cc: @ddddddanni

[pavoljuhas]

@ddddddanni - can you please put a short comment here so I can assign this to you?

[mhucka]

Discussed in Cirq Cynq 2025-08-20: yes, this needs looking into.

[ddddddanni]

@ddddddanni - can you please put a short comment here so I can assign this to you?

Sure! Please assign this to me.

[ddddddanni]

I looked at my code and this is actually expected. The std is raw_d_m * abs(pauli_str.coefficient.real) where pauli_str.coefficient.real could be any number, this explains why the std could be 2.
Similarly expectation is calculated by raw_mitigated_values * pauli_str.coefficient.real, so it could also be something beyond [-1, 1].

[ddddddanni]

But with this, I need to rethink how to fix the flaky tests. It might not be that flaky since I increase the number of readout mitigations, but it's still likely to fall since the expectation could be a lot larger/smaller than 1/-1.