iGateLink (previously FogGatewayLib)

FogGatewayLib is an Android library that makes handling data coming from different sources easy and efficient, making it simple to create new data-driven applications without having to care about Android service and thread management.

The goal of the library is to make the development of Android applications that act as a gateway between IoT and the Fog/Cloud easier by bringing together all the common core parts and leaving to the developer only the definition of the application-specific parts. On top of this core, simple implementations of most common operations are also provided out-of-the-box (e.g. simple HTTP and FTP connections, camera management, Bluetooth LE) in order to reduce common boiler-plate code. The project has been developed with modularity in mind so the addition of new features should be straightforward.

Architecture

The project is based on the publisher-subscriber paradigm. In particular, a publisher is here called Provider, a topic is a Store and a subscriber is a Trigger. Whenever a Provider stores new data to a Store, all Triggers associated with the Store are executed, which, in their turn, can start new Providers for other Stores (or even the same one). A more detailed description of the components follows.

Components

The main components are:

• ExecutionManager: coordinates the other components and provides an API for managing them.
• Data: not a proper component but is the base class that every data inside this library must extend. It is characterized by an id and a request_id: the former must be unique between data of the same Store; the latter is useful for tracking data belonging to the same request.
• Store: stores Data elements and provides two operations: retrieve for retrieving previously stored data and store for storing new data. Every Store is uniquely identified by a key. There can be multiple Stores for the same Data type.
• Provider: takes some Data in input and produces some other Data in output. Every Provider is uniquely identified by a key. There can be multiple Providers for the same Store but a Provider can use only one Store at a time (plus the ProgressStore, used for providing information about its state to the UI or other components). A Provider can be started by calling its execute method either through ExecutionManager.runProvider or through ExecutionManager.produceData. In the latter case, the user specifies only which Data it wants to be produced (by means of a Store key) and a suitable Provider will be executed. In case there are two or more Providers for the same Store, a Chooser will be used.
• Chooser: chooses the Provider to produce data for a Store. It must be present in case there exist two or more Providers for the same Store.
• Trigger: whenever Data is stored in a Store, Triggers associated with that store are fired. For example, a Trigger could start a Provider with the recently stored Data.

Threads and synchronization

Please note that there is no built-in synchronization mechanism for a Store by default. Thus all retrieve and (in particular) store operations should not be executed concurrently.

This is not an issue in Android when using the provided AsyncProvider implementation of a Provider (or any of its subclasses) since it takes advantage of the the onPreExecute and onPostExecute callbacks of the AsyncTask in order to execute thread-unsafe code in the main thread. Furthermore, it also has built-in thread-safety mechanisms in its publishResults and publishProgress methods that check the thread they're running in before storing the Data to the Store and, in case it's not the main thread, the operation will be queued to the main thread.

Documentation

There are two sources of documentation for this project:

• Javadoc, available for most classes and methods.
• Examples:
  • camerademo
  • bluetoothdemo

Project Structure

The project is divided into modules, each of which is dedicated to a specific feature. Where possible, Android-specific code and generic Java code have been kept separated in order to make the core of the project more portable.

Below you can find the list of modules in alphabetical order:

• aneka: Android library module for Aneka REST API integration.
• aneka-wsdl: Java module for Aneka REST API WSDL bindings.
• bluetooth: Android module for bluetooth LE integration.
• bluetoothdemo: demo application for bluetooth module using FogBus.
• camera: Android module for simple camera integration.
• camerademo: demo application for camera module using EdgeLens.
• core: Android module containing the Android-specific part of the library core.
• core-java: Java module containing the library core.
• fogbus: Android module containing a simple integration with FogBus.
• service: Android module for integrating the library with a Foreground Service.
• utils: Android module for Android-specific utility classes (NotificationUtils, Timer)
• utils-java: Java module for utility classes such as MultiMap, SimpleFTPClient, SimpleHttpConnection, etc.

Building the project

The project has been created using Android Studio, which uses Gradle to build the project. Therefore, you can either import it in Android Studio or build it from command line using the Gradle wrapper.

Importing in Android Studio

Either clone this repository with git and import it in Android Studio or directly import the project from GitHub with Android Studio.

Building from command line

To build from command line you can do (Unix syntax follows, for Windows replace ./gradlew with gradlew.bat):

# Build everything
./gradlew assemble

# Build module 'mymodule'
./gradlew :mymodule:assemble

# Build and test everything
./gradlew build

# Build and test module 'mymodule'
./gradlew :mymodule:build

These commands build the release variant. In order to build the debug variant, just append Debug to the command name (i.e. assembleDebug, buildDebug; debug variant is not available for Java modules).

Outputs of the building process can be found in the following paths (assuming you're building mymodule with variant variant):

• mymodule/build/outputs/apk/mymmodule-variant.apk for Android application modules.
• mymodule/build/outputs/aar/mymmodule-variant.aar for Android library modules.
• mymodule/build/libs/mymmodule.jar for Java modules.

Using the library

At the moment the library is not distributed through Maven Central or an equivalent platform. Therefore you can either clone the repository and import the modules you need in Android Studio or you can download the *.jar or *.aar files from the latest release in the Release page and use them in your project.

References

• Riccardo Mancini, Shreshth Tuli, Tommaso Cucinotta, and Rajkumar Buyya, iGateLink: A Gateway Library for Linking IoT, Edge, Fog and Cloud Computing Environments, Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent and Cloud Computing (ICICC-2019, Springer, Germany), Bhubaneswar, India, December 16-17, 2019.
• Shreshth Tuli, Redowan Mahmud, Shikhar Tuli, and Rajkumar Buyya, FogBus: A Blockchain-based Lightweight Framework for Edge and Fog Computing. Journal of Systems and Software (JSS), Volume 154, Pages: 22-36, ISSN: 0164-1212, Elsevier Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, August 2019.
• Shreshth Tuli, Nipam Basumatary, Sukhpal Singh Gill, Mohsen Kahani, Rajesh Chand Arya, Gurpreet Singh Wander, and Rajkumar Buyya, HealthFog: An Ensemble Deep Learning based Smart Healthcare System for Automatic Diagnosis of Heart Diseases in Integrated IoT and Fog Computing Environments, Future Generation Computer Systems (FGCS), Volume 104, Pages: 187-200, ISSN: 0167-739X, Elsevier Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, March 2020.
• Shreshth Tuli, Nipam Basumatary, and Rajkumar Buyya, EdgeLens: Deep Learning based Object Detection in Integrated IoT, Fog and Cloud Computing Environments, Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Information Systems and Computer Networks (ISCON 2019, IEEE Press, USA), Mathura, India, November 21-22, 2019.

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Copyright 2019 The Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems (CLOUDS) Laboratory, University of Melbourne

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (see LICENSE).