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| [//]: # (title: Get started with Kotlin serialization) | ||
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| [Serialization](serialization.md) converts objects into a format that can be stored or transmitted and later reconstructed. | ||
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| This tutorial shows you how to add the necessary plugins and dependencies for Kotlin serialization and how to serialize and deserialize objects in JSON format. | ||
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| ## Add plugins and dependencies for Kotlin serialization | ||
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| To include the `kotlinx.serialization` library in your project, add the corresponding plugin and dependency configuration based on your build tool. | ||
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| > To set up the Kotlin compiler plugin for Bazel, see the example provided in the [rules_kotlin repository](https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_kotlin/tree/master/examples/plugin/src/serialization). | ||
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| > | ||
| {style="tip"} | ||
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| ### Gradle | ||
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| Add the following dependency to your `build.gradle(.kts)` file: | ||
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| <tabs> | ||
| <tab id="kotlin" title="Kotlin"> | ||
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| ```kotlin | ||
| // build.gradle.kts | ||
| plugins { | ||
| kotlin("plugin.serialization") version "%kotlinVersion%" | ||
| } | ||
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| dependencies { | ||
| implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-serialization-json:%serializationVersion%") | ||
| } | ||
| ``` | ||
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| </tab> | ||
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| <tab id="groovy" title="Groovy"> | ||
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| ```groovy | ||
| // build.gradle | ||
| plugins { | ||
| id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.plugin.serialization' version '%kotlinVersion%' | ||
| } | ||
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| dependencies { | ||
| implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-serialization-json:%serializationVersion%' | ||
| } | ||
| ``` | ||
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| </tab> | ||
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| </tabs> | ||
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| ### Maven | ||
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| Add the serialization plugin and library to your `pom.xml` file: | ||
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| 1. Specify the Kotlin and serialization version in the `<properties>` section: | ||
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| ```xml | ||
| <properties> | ||
| <kotlin.version>%kotlinVersion%</kotlin.version> | ||
| <serialization.version>%serializationVersion%</serialization.version> | ||
| </properties> | ||
| ``` | ||
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| 2. Add the Kotlin serialization Maven plugin to the `<build>` section: | ||
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| ```xml | ||
| <build> | ||
| <plugins> | ||
| <plugin> | ||
| <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId> | ||
| <artifactId>kotlin-maven-plugin</artifactId> | ||
| <version>${kotlin.version}</version> | ||
| <executions> | ||
| <execution> | ||
| <id>compile</id> | ||
| <phase>compile</phase> | ||
| <goals> | ||
| <goal>compile</goal> | ||
| </goals> | ||
| </execution> | ||
| </executions> | ||
| <configuration> | ||
| <compilerPlugins> | ||
| <plugin>kotlinx-serialization</plugin> | ||
| </compilerPlugins> | ||
| </configuration> | ||
| <dependencies> | ||
| <dependency> | ||
| <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId> | ||
| <artifactId>kotlin-maven-serialization</artifactId> | ||
| <version>${kotlin.version}</version> | ||
| </dependency> | ||
| </dependencies> | ||
| </plugin> | ||
| </plugins> | ||
| </build> | ||
| ``` | ||
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| 3. Add the JSON serialization library dependency to the `<dependencies>` section: | ||
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| ```xml | ||
| <dependencies> | ||
| <dependency> | ||
| <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlinx</groupId> | ||
| <artifactId>kotlinx-serialization-json</artifactId> | ||
| <version>${serialization.version}</version> | ||
| </dependency> | ||
| </dependencies> | ||
| ``` | ||
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| ### Add the Kotlin serialization library to a multiplatform project | ||
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| To use Kotlin serialization in multiplatform projects, add the JSON serialization library dependency to your common source set: | ||
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| ```kotlin | ||
| commonMain { | ||
| dependencies { | ||
| implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-serialization-json:%serializationVersion%") | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| ``` | ||
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| ## Serialize objects to JSON | ||
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| In Kotlin, you can serialize objects to JSON using the `kotlinx.serialization` library. | ||
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| To make a class serializable, you need to mark it with the [`@Serializable`](https://kotlinlang.org/api/kotlinx.serialization/kotlinx-serialization-core/kotlinx.serialization/-serializable/) annotation. | ||
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| This annotation instructs the compiler to generate the code required for serializing and deserializing instances of the class. | ||
| For more information, see [The @Serialization annotation](serialization-customization-options.md#the-serializable-annotation). | ||
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| Let's look at an example: | ||
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| 1. Import declarations from the necessary serialization libraries: | ||
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| ```kotlin | ||
| import kotlinx.serialization.* | ||
| import kotlinx.serialization.json.* | ||
| ``` | ||
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| 2. Make a class serializable by annotating it with `@Serializable`: | ||
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| ```kotlin | ||
| @Serializable | ||
| data class Data(val a: Int, val b: String) | ||
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| ``` | ||
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| > The `@Serializable` annotation enables default serialization of all properties with backing fields. | ||
| > You can customize serialization behavior with property-level annotations, optional properties, and more. | ||
| > | ||
| > For more information, see [Serialize classes](serialization-customization-options.md). | ||
| > | ||
| {style="note"} | ||
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| 3. Use the [`Json.encodeToString()`](https://kotlinlang.org/api/kotlinx.serialization/kotlinx-serialization-json/kotlinx.serialization.json/-json/encode-to-string.html) function to serialize an instance of this class: | ||
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| ```kotlin | ||
| // Imports declarations from the serialization and JSON handling libraries | ||
| import kotlinx.serialization.* | ||
| import kotlinx.serialization.json.* | ||
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| // Marks the Data class as serializable | ||
| @Serializable | ||
| data class Data(val a: Int, val b: String) | ||
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| fun main() { | ||
| // Serializes an instance of the Data class into a JSON string | ||
| val json = Json.encodeToString(Data(42, "str")) | ||
| println(json) | ||
| // {"a":42,"b":"str"} | ||
| } | ||
| ``` | ||
| {kotlin-runnable="true"} | ||
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| As a result, you get a string containing the state of this object in JSON format: `{"a":42,"b":"str"}` | ||
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| > You can also serialize a collection of objects in a single call: | ||
| > | ||
| > ```kotlin | ||
| > val dataList = listOf(Data(42, "str"), Data(12, "test")) | ||
| > val jsonList = Json.encodeToString(dataList) | ||
| > ``` | ||
| > | ||
| {style="tip"} | ||
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| ## Deserialize objects from JSON | ||
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| Deserialization converts a JSON string back into an object. | ||
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| To deserialize an object from JSON in Kotlin: | ||
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| 1. Import declarations from the necessary serialization libraries: | ||
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| ```kotlin | ||
| import kotlinx.serialization.* | ||
| import kotlinx.serialization.json.* | ||
| ``` | ||
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| 2. Make a class serializable by annotating it with `@Serializable`: | ||
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| ```kotlin | ||
| @Serializable | ||
| data class Data(val a: Int, val b: String) | ||
| ``` | ||
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| 3. Use the [`Json.decodeFromString()`](https://kotlinlang.org/api/kotlinx.serialization/kotlinx-serialization-json/kotlinx.serialization.json/-json/decode-from-string.html) function to deserialize an object from JSON: | ||
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| ```kotlin | ||
| // Imports declarations from the serialization and JSON handling libraries | ||
| import kotlinx.serialization.* | ||
| import kotlinx.serialization.json.* | ||
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| // Marks the Data class as serializable | ||
| @Serializable | ||
| data class Data(val a: Int, val b: String) | ||
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| fun main() { | ||
| // Deserializes a JSON string into an instance of the Data class | ||
| val obj = Json.decodeFromString<Data>("""{"a":42, "b": "str"}""") | ||
| println(obj) | ||
| // Data(a=42, b=str) | ||
| } | ||
| ``` | ||
| {kotlin-runnable="true"} | ||
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| Congratulations! You have successfully serialized an object to JSON and deserialized it back into an object in Kotlin! | ||
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| ## What's next | ||
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| * Learn how to serialize standard types, including built-in types like numbers and strings, in [Serialize built-in types](serialization-serialize-builtin-types.md). | ||
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| * Discover how to customize class serialization and adjust the default behavior of the `@Serializable` annotation in the [Serialize classes](serialization-customization-options.md) section. | ||
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| * Dive deeper into handling JSON data and configuring JSON serialization in the [JSON serialization overview](configure-json-serialization.md). | ||
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