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contents(js): add explanation to double equal vs triple equal #21

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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -39,6 +39,64 @@ However, when using `==`, unintuitive results can happen:

As a general rule of thumb, never use the `==` operator, except for convenience when comparing against `null` or `undefined`, where `a == null` will return `true` if `a` is `null` or `undefined`.


Let's break down each of the comparisons:

1️⃣ null == undefined → true
Why?
null and undefined are loosely equal (==) but not strictly equal (===).
JavaScript defines a special rule:
null == undefined; // true

However:
null === undefined; // false
(because === checks both type and value).

console.log(null == undefined); // true
console.log(null === undefined); // false

📌 Key Rule:
null and undefined are only equal to each other but not to anything else.

2️⃣ [] == false → true
Why?
[] (empty array) is truthy, but when compared with false, it gets coerced into a primitive value.
JavaScript converts false to a number (0).
Then, it converts [] to a string ('') → and an empty string is also 0 when converted to a number.
So, the comparison becomes:

Number([]) == Number(false);
0 == 0; // true

console.log([] == false); // true
console.log([] == 0); // true
console.log(Number([])); // 0
📌 Key Rule:
An empty array [] converts to 0 in numeric comparison.

3️⃣ '' == false → true
Why?
JavaScript converts false to 0.
An empty string '' also converts to 0 in numeric comparisons.

So the comparison becomes:
Number('') == Number(false);
0 == 0; // true
Example
console.log('' == false); // true
console.log('' == 0); // true
console.log(Number('')); // 0
📌 Key Rule:
An empty string '' converts to 0 in numeric comparison.

🔹 Summary of Type Coercion Rules
null == undefined Special case in JS ✅ true
[] == false ------ [] → '' → 0, false → 0, so 0 == 0 ✅ true
'' == false ------ '' → 0, false → 0, so 0 == 0 ✅ true
📌 ⚠️ Important Note:
These type coercion behaviors can be confusing, which is why it's recommended to use === (strict equality) to avoid unexpected results.


```js
var a = null;
console.log(a == null); // true
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