Convert Testcontainers @Rule/@ClassRule to JUnit 5 @Container and add @Testcontainers

build.gradle.kts

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ recipeDependencies {
     parserClasspath("org.powermock:powermock-core:1.6.5")
     parserClasspath("org.springframework:spring-test:6.1.+")
     parserClasspath("org.testcontainers:testcontainers:1.20.6")
+    parserClasspath("org.testcontainers:junit-jupiter:1.20.6")
     parserClasspath("org.testng:testng:7.+")
     parserClasspath("pl.pragmatists:JUnitParams:1.+")
     parserClasspath("uk.org.webcompere:system-stubs-core:2.1.8")
@@ -56,7 +57,6 @@ recipeDependencies {
     testParserClasspath("org.testcontainers:testcontainers-kafka:2.0.1")
     testParserClasspath("org.testcontainers:testcontainers-localstack:2.0.1")
     testParserClasspath("org.testcontainers:testcontainers-mysql:2.0.1")
-
 }
 
 val rewriteVersion = rewriteRecipe.rewriteVersion.get()

src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/testcontainers/AddTestcontainersAnnotations.java

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 the original author or authors.
+ * <p>
+ * Licensed under the Moderne Source Available License (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * <p>
+ * https://docs.moderne.io/licensing/moderne-source-available-license
+ * <p>
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.openrewrite.java.testing.testcontainers;
+
+import org.openrewrite.ExecutionContext;
+import org.openrewrite.Preconditions;
+import org.openrewrite.Recipe;
+import org.openrewrite.TreeVisitor;
+import org.openrewrite.internal.ListUtils;
+import org.openrewrite.java.JavaIsoVisitor;
+import org.openrewrite.java.JavaParser;
+import org.openrewrite.java.JavaTemplate;
+import org.openrewrite.java.search.UsesType;
+import org.openrewrite.java.service.AnnotationService;
+import org.openrewrite.java.tree.J;
+import org.openrewrite.java.tree.TypeUtils;
+
+import static java.util.Comparator.comparing;
+
+/**
+ * An OpenRewrite recipe that migrates JUnit 4 Testcontainers {@code @Rule} or {@code @ClassRule}
+ * fields to JUnit 5's {@code @Container} and adds the {@code @Testcontainers} annotation to the
+ * class if necessary.
+ */
+public class AddTestcontainersAnnotations extends Recipe {
+    private static final String CLASS_RULE_FQN = "org.junit.ClassRule";
+    private static final String RULE_FQN = "org.junit.Rule";
+    private static final String GENERIC_CONTAINER_FQN = "org.testcontainers.containers.GenericContainer";
+    private static final String TESTCONTAINERS_FQN = "org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Testcontainers";
+    private static final String CONTAINER_FQN = "org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Container";
+
+    @Override
+    public String getDisplayName() {
+        return "Adopt `@Container` and add `@Testcontainers`";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getDescription() {
+        return "Convert Testcontainers `@Rule`/`@ClassRule` to JUnit 5 `@Container` and add `@Testcontainers`.";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TreeVisitor<?, ExecutionContext> getVisitor() {
+        TreeVisitor<?, ExecutionContext> usesRule = Preconditions.or(
+                new UsesType<>(RULE_FQN, true),
+                new UsesType<>(CLASS_RULE_FQN, true)
+        );
+        return Preconditions.check(usesRule, new JavaIsoVisitor<ExecutionContext>() {
+            @Override
+            public J.ClassDeclaration visitClassDeclaration(J.ClassDeclaration classDeclaration, ExecutionContext ctx) {
+                J.ClassDeclaration cd = super.visitClassDeclaration(classDeclaration, ctx);
+                if (classDeclaration == cd) {
+                    return cd;
+                }
+
+                maybeRemoveImport(RULE_FQN);
+                maybeRemoveImport(CLASS_RULE_FQN);
+
+                if (service(AnnotationService.class).isAnnotatedWith(cd, TESTCONTAINERS_FQN)) {
+                    return cd;
+                }
+
+                // Add class level annotation
+                maybeAddImport(TESTCONTAINERS_FQN);
+                return JavaTemplate.builder("@Testcontainers")
+                        .imports(TESTCONTAINERS_FQN)
+                        .javaParser(JavaParser.fromJavaVersion().classpathFromResources(ctx, "testcontainers-1", "junit-jupiter-1"))
+                        .build()
+                        .apply(updateCursor(cd), cd.getCoordinates().addAnnotation(comparing(J.Annotation::getSimpleName)));
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public J.VariableDeclarations visitVariableDeclarations(J.VariableDeclarations varDecls, ExecutionContext ctx) {
+                if (!TypeUtils.isAssignableTo(GENERIC_CONTAINER_FQN, varDecls.getType())) {
+                    return varDecls;
+                }
+                if (!service(AnnotationService.class).isAnnotatedWith(varDecls, RULE_FQN) &&
+                        !service(AnnotationService.class).isAnnotatedWith(varDecls, CLASS_RULE_FQN)) {
+                    return varDecls;
+                }
+
+                // Remove ClassRule/Rule annotations
+                J.VariableDeclarations vd = varDecls.withLeadingAnnotations(ListUtils.filter(varDecls.getLeadingAnnotations(),
+                        ann -> !TypeUtils.isAssignableTo(RULE_FQN, ann.getType()) &&
+                                !TypeUtils.isAssignableTo(CLASS_RULE_FQN, ann.getType())));
+                if (vd == varDecls || service(AnnotationService.class).isAnnotatedWith(varDecls, CONTAINER_FQN)) {
+                    return vd;
+                }
+
+                // Add field level annotation
+                maybeAddImport(CONTAINER_FQN);
+                return JavaTemplate.builder("@Container")
+                        .imports(CONTAINER_FQN)
+                        .javaParser(JavaParser.fromJavaVersion().classpathFromResources(ctx, "testcontainers-1", "junit-jupiter-1"))
+                        .build()
+                        .apply(updateCursor(vd), vd.getCoordinates().addAnnotation(comparing(J.Annotation::getSimpleName)));
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+}

src/main/resources/META-INF/rewrite/testcontainers.yml

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ name: org.openrewrite.java.testing.testcontainers.Testcontainers2Migration
 displayName: Migrate to testcontainers-java 2.x
 description: Change dependencies and types to migrate to testcontainers-java 2.x.
 recipeList:
+  - org.openrewrite.java.testing.testcontainers.AddTestcontainersAnnotations
   - org.openrewrite.java.testing.testcontainers.ExplicitContainerImages
   - org.openrewrite.java.testing.testcontainers.GetHostMigration
   - org.openrewrite.java.ChangeType: