ENH: add basic DataFrame.from_arrow class method for importing through Arrow PyCapsule interface

pandas/_typing.py

@@ -528,3 +528,42 @@ def closed(self) -> bool:
 SequenceT = TypeVar("SequenceT", bound=Sequence[Hashable])
 
 SliceType = Optional[Hashable]
+
+
+# Arrow PyCapsule Interface
+# from https://arrow.apache.org/docs/format/CDataInterface/PyCapsuleInterface.html#protocol-typehints
+
+
+class ArrowArrayExportable(Protocol):
+    """
+    An object with an ``__arrow_c_array__`` method.
+
+    This method indicates the object is an Arrow-compatible object implementing
+    the `Arrow PyCapsule Protocol`_ (exposing the `Arrow C Data Interface`_ in
+    Python), enabling zero-copy Arrow data interchange across libraries.
+
+    .. _Arrow PyCapsule Protocol: https://arrow.apache.org/docs/format/CDataInterface/PyCapsuleInterface.html
+    .. _Arrow C Data Interface: https://arrow.apache.org/docs/format/CDataInterface.html
+
+    """
+
+    def __arrow_c_array__(
+        self, requested_schema: object | None = None
+    ) -> tuple[object, object]: ...
+
+
+class ArrowStreamExportable(Protocol):
+    """
+    An object with an ``__arrow_c_stream__`` method.
+
+    This method indicates the object is an Arrow-compatible object implementing
+    the `Arrow PyCapsule Protocol`_ (exposing the `Arrow C Data Interface`_
+    for streams in Python), enabling zero-copy Arrow data interchange across
+    libraries.
+
+    .. _Arrow PyCapsule Protocol: https://arrow.apache.org/docs/format/CDataInterface/PyCapsuleInterface.html
+    .. _Arrow C Data Interface: https://arrow.apache.org/docs/format/CDataInterface.html
+
+    """
+
+    def __arrow_c_stream__(self, requested_schema: object | None = None) -> object: ...

pandas/core/frame.py

@@ -205,6 +205,8 @@
         AnyAll,
         AnyArrayLike,
         ArrayLike,
+        ArrowArrayExportable,
+        ArrowStreamExportable,
         Axes,
         Axis,
         AxisInt,
@@ -1747,7 +1749,9 @@ def __rmatmul__(self, other) -> DataFrame:
     # IO methods (to / from other formats)
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_arrow(cls, data) -> DataFrame:
+    def from_arrow(
+        cls, data: ArrowArrayExportable | ArrowStreamExportable
+    ) -> DataFrame:
         """
         Construct a DataFrame from a tabular Arrow object.