Add wokrflow to test on ubuntu-22.04, rename swift-linux.yml -> ubuntu-24.04

[valeriyvan]

Addresses #153

[stackotter]

Given that both workflows are essentially identical, I think it'd be beneficial to instead just parameterise the original workflow using a matrix. Something like so should work:

jobs:
  build-linux:
    strategy:
      matrix:
        os: [ubuntu-22.04, ubuntu-24.04]
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    steps:
      ...

[stackotter]

Thanks for doing this!